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1.
Clinics ; 69(10): 699-705, 10/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-730463

ABSTRACT

A ketogenic diet is an important therapy used in the control of drug-refractory seizures. Many studies have shown that children and adolescents following ketogenic diets exhibit an over 50% reduction in seizure frequency, which is considered to be clinically relevant. These benefits are based on a diet containing high fat (approximately 90% fat) for 24 months. This dietary model was proposed in the 1920s and has produced variable clinical responses. Previous studies have shown that the mechanisms underlying seizure control involve ketone bodies, which are produced by fatty acid oxidation. Although the pathways involved in the ketogenic diet are not entirely clear, the main effects of the production of ketone bodies appear to be neurotransmitter modulation and antioxidant effects on the brain. This review highlights the impacts of the ketogenic diet on the modulation of neurotransmitters, levels of biogenic monoamines and protective antioxidant mechanisms of neurons. In addition, future perspectives are proposed. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Epilepsy/diet therapy , Diet, Ketogenic/methods , Biogenic Monoamines/metabolism , Epilepsy/metabolism , Ketone Bodies/metabolism , Medical Illustration , Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism , Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism
2.
Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr ; 33(2): 13-28, ago. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-493993

ABSTRACT

The biggest diffi culty for the study of metabolic syndrome in adolescence is the lack of consolidated cut points for this age group. This study characterizes the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in female adolescents and verifi es the possible existing correlations between the variables analyzed. It was carried out with 60 female adolescents between 14 and 18 years old. The body mass index and its derivatives, the circumferences of the waist (W) and hip (H), the body fat percentage (%BF) and the plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), fractions (LDL and HDL) and fasting glucose were analyzed. Despite the predominance of eutrophic adolescents (90%), important alterations have been found: raised body fat percentage (78.3%), modifi ed fat plasma levels of 23.3% (TC), 15% (LDL) and 5% (HDL), besides impaired fasting glucose (6.7%). Moreover, one of the adolescents was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Signifi cant correlations between HDL and W/H ratio (r =-0.276; p=0.032), LDL and %BF (r = 0.296; p=0.021) and between the number of risk factors observed for the adolescents and the values of %BF (r=0.300, p=0.020), TC (r=0.536, p<0.001) and LDL (r=0.506, p<0.001) have been found. The importance of such alterations in this age group is justifi ed by its clinical meaning, since they will increase the risk of morbidity and mortality due to chronic diseases in adult life.


La mayor difi cultad para el estudio del síndrome metabólico en la adolescencia es la falta de puntos de corte consolidados para esa faja de edad. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los marcadores de riesgo para síndrome metabólico en adolescentes de sexo femenino y verifi car posibles correlaciones existentes entre las variables analizadas. Fue conducido con 60 adolescentes de sexo femenino, entre 14 y 18 años de edad. Se determinaron: el índicede masa corporal (IMC); circunferencias de cintura y cadera; porcentaje de grasa corporal total (%G); niveles sanguíneos de colesterol total (CT) y fracciones (LDL y HDL); glucemia de ayuno. Aunque la eutrofi a predominaba (90%), se detectaron alteraciones importantes: elevado porcentaje de grasa corporal (78.3%); alteraciones de los lípidos sanguíneos, 23.3% (CT), 15% (LDL) y 5% (HDL); glucemia de ayuno alterada (6.7%) y en una adolescente fue diagnosticada diabetes mellitus. Había correlación signifi cativa entre HDL y la relación cintura-cadera (RCQ) (r = -0.276; p=0,032); entre LDL y %G (r = 0.296 p=0,021); entre el número de alteraciones presentes en las adolescentes y %G (r=0,300, p=0,020); entre CT (r=0,536, p<0,001) y LDL (r=0,506, p<0,001). Las alteraciones observadas en esta faja etaria son altamente signifi cativas por su implicancia clínica de elevado riesgo de enfermedades crónicas en la vida adulta.


O maior entrave para o estudo da síndrome metabólica na adolescência consiste na carência de pontos de corte consolidados para tal grupo etário. O presente estudo se propôs a caracterizar os marcadores de risco para a síndrome metabólica em adolescentes do sexo feminino e verificar as possíveis correlações existentes entre variáveis analisadas. Tal estudo foi realizado com 60 adolescentes, do sexo feminino, entre 14 e 18 anos de idade. Foram analisados o índice de massa corporal e seus derivados, as circunferências da cintura (C) e quadril (Q), o percentual de gordura corporal (%G) e as dosagens plasmáticas de colesterol total (CT), frações (LDL e HDL) e glicemia de jejum. Apesar da predominância da eutrofi a (90%), encontraram-se alterações importantes: elevado percentual de gordura corporal (78,3%), níveis alterados de lipídios sangüíneos, 23,3% (CT), 15% (LDL) e 5% (HDL), glicemia de jejum alterada em 6,7%, sendo que em uma das adolescentes foi diagnosticado o diabetes Mellitus. Observaram-se correlações signifi cantes entre HDL e relação C/Q (r = -0,276; p=0,032) e LDL e %G (r = 0,296; p=0,021) e entre o número de alterações apresentadas pelas adolescentes e os valores %G (r=0,300, p=0,020); CT (r=0,536, p<0,001) e LDL (r=0,506, p<0,001). A importância de tais alterações neste grupo etário se justifi ca em função do seu signifi cado clínico, uma vez que irão predispor ao aumento das taxas de morbi-mortalidade por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na vida adulta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases , Eating , Surveys and Questionnaires , Diet , Risk Factors
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